Department of Psychology

Resources and Publications

Resources

Horn, S. L., Hsiao, W-C., & Meyer, G. J. (2011). University of Toledo Rorschach Computerized Group Administration Package (Version 3.0) [Software and test administration materials]. Download the files needed for a structured group administration of the Rorschach using MediaLab software.

Publications

Books

eDITED bOOKS

Mihura, J. L. & Meyer, G. J. (Eds.) (2018). Using the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS). New York, NY: Guilford Press. 

Brabender, V. M., & Mihura, J. L. (Eds.) (2016). Handbook of gender and sexuality in psychological assessment. New York, NY: Routledge. 

Test Manuals

Meyer, G. J., Viglione, D. J., Mihura, J. L., Erard, R. E., & Erdberg, P. (2012). Rorschach Performance Assessment System: Portable Form Quality tables and coding guide. Toledo, OH: Rorschach Performance Assessment System.

Meyer, G. J., Viglione, D. J., Mihura, J. L., Erard, R. E., & Erdberg, P. (2011). Rorschach Performance Assessment System: Administration, coding, interpretation, and technical manual. Toledo, OH: Rorschach Performance Assessment System.

TRANSLATIONS OF TEST MANUALS

Meyer, G. J., Viglione, D. J., Mihura, J. L., Erard, R. E., & Erdberg, P. (2017). Rorschach – Sistema de Avaliação do Desempenho: Manual de Aplicação, Codificação, e Interpretação. [Rorschach Performance Assessment System: Administration, Coding, and Interpretation Manual.] São Paulo, Brazil: Hogrefe CETEPP. http://www.hogrefe.com.br/SubCategoria-R-PAS-105.aspx

Meyer, G. J., Viglione, D. J., Mihura, J. L., Erard, R. E., & Erdberg, P. (2015). Rorschach Performance Assessment System: Somministrazione, siglatura, interpretazione, emanuale, tecnico [Administration, coding, interpretation, and technical manual.] Milan, Italy: Raffaello Cortina Editore. [ISBN: 978-88-6030-684-5] http://www.raffaellocortina.it/rorschach-performance-assessment-system

Meyer, G. J., Viglione, D. J., Mihura, J. L., Erard, R. E., & Erdberg, P. (2014).  ロールシャッハ・アセスメント システム: 実施，コーディング，解釈の手引き. [Rorschach Performance Assessment System: Administration, Coding, Interpretation, and Technical Manual.] Tokyo, Japan: Kongo Shuppan. [ISBN: 978-4-724-1402-9] http://kongoshuppan.co.jp/dm/df.php?cd=1402

Articles and Chapters

Assessment Lab Students or Visiting Scholar Mentees in Bold (Lab Started in 2005)

Wright, A. J., Chávez, L., Edelstein, B., Grus, C., Krishnamurthy, R., Lieb, R., Mihura, J. L., Pincus, A. L., & Wilson, M. (in press). Education and training guidelines for psychological assessment in health service psychology. American Psychologist.

Kleiger, J. H., & Mihura, J. L. (in press). Developments in the Rorschach assessment of disordered thinking and communication. Rorschachiana.

Meyer, G. J., & Mihura, J. L. (in press). Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS). In I. Weiner & J. H. Kleiger (Eds.). Psychological assessment of disordered thinking and perception. Wiley.

Meyer, G. J., & Mihura, J. L., & Waugh, M. (2020). In C. J. Hopwood & M. H. Waugh (Eds.). A psychodynamic perspective on Madeline G. Personality assessment paradigms and methods: A collaborative reassessment of Madeline G (pp. 35-111). New York, NY: Routledge.

Charek, D. B., Meyer, G. J., Mihura, J. L., & O’Gorman, E. T. (2020). Correspondence of maximum and typical performance measures of cognitive processing. Assessment, 27(4), 803–809. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191118793531 

Meyer, G. J., & Mihura, J. L. (2020). Performance-based techniques. In M. Sellbom & J. A. Suhr (Eds.), The Cambridge handbook of clinical assessment and diagnosis. (pp. 278–290). Cambridge University Press.

Berry, B. A., & Meyer, G. J. (2020). The effects of coding the location of individual objects in a normative sample of rorschach data. Journal of Personality Assessment, 102(1), 124–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2018.1493487

Meyer, G. J., Hosseininasab, A., Viglione, D. J., Mihura, J. L., Berant, E., Resende, A. C., & Reese, J. (2020). The effect of CS administration or an R-optimized alternative on potential projective material in Rorschach responses from six studies and a meta-analysis of their findings. Journal of Personality Assessment, 102(1), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2018.1492926

Pianowski, G., Meyer, G. J., de Villemor-Amaral, A. E., Zuanazzi, A. C., & do Nascimento, R. S. G. F. (2019). Does the Rorschach performance assessment system (R-PAS) differ from the comprehensive system (CS) on variables relevant to interpretation? Journal of Personality Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2019.1677678

Berry, B. A., & Meyer, G. J. (2019). Contemporary data on the location of response objects in Rorschach’s inkblots. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101(4), 402–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1408016

Mihura, J. L., Bombel, G., Dumitrascu, N., Roy, M., & Meadows, E. A. (2019). Why we need a formal systematic approach to validating psychological tests: The case of the Rorschach Comprehensive System. Journal of Personality Assessment, 101(4), 374–392. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2018.1458315

Mihura, J. L. (2019). Correcting Smith et al’s (2018) criticisms of all Rorschach studies in Mihura, Meyer, Dumitrascu, and Bombel’s (2013) meta-analyses. Rorschachiana, 40(2), 169–186. https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000118

Gritti, E. S., Marino, D. P., Lang, M., & Meyer, G. J. (2018). Assessing narcissism using Rorschach-based imagery and behavior validated by clinician reports: Studies with adult patients and nonpatients. Assessment, 25(7), 898–916. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191117715728

Eblin, J. J., Meyer, G. J., Mihura, J. L., Viglione, D. J., & O’Gorman, E. T. (2018). Development and preliminary validation of a brief behavioral measure of psychotic propensity. Psychiatry Research, 268, 340-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.08.006

Mihura, J. L., Dumitrascu, N., Roy, M., & Meyer, G. J. (2018). The centrality of the response process in construct validity: An illustration via the Rorschach space response. Journal of Personality Assessment, 100, 233-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1306781 

Meyer, G. J., Katko, N. J., Mihura, J. L., Klag, M., & Meoni, M. (2018). The incremental validity of self-report and performance based methods for assessing hostility to predict cardiovascular disease in physicians. Journal of Personality Assessment, 100, 68-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2017.1306780

Mihura, J. L. & Meyer, G. J. (2018). Introduction to R-PAS. In J. L. Mihura & G. J. Meyer (Eds.). Using the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) (pp. 3-22). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Mihura, J. L. & Meyer, G. J. (2018). Principles of R-PAS interpretation. In J. L. Mihura & G. J. Meyer (Eds.). Using the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) (pp. 23-45). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Meyer, G. J. & Erdberg, P. (2018). Using the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) norms with an emphasis on child and adolescent protocols. In J. L. Mihura & G. J. Meyer (Eds.). Using the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) (pp. 46-64). Guilford Press.

Kamphuis, J., de Saeger, H., & Mihura, J. L. (2018). The broken zombie: Using R-PAS in the assessment of a bullied adolescent with borderline personality features. In J. L. Mihura & G. J. Meyer (Eds.). Using the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) (pp. 65-83). New York, NY: Guilford Press.

Mihura, J. L., & Meadows, E. A. (2018). Projective tests. In V. Zeigler-Hill & T. K. Shackelford (Eds.). Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences. New York, NY: Springer.

Hosseininasab, A., Meyer, G. J., Viglione, D. J., Mihura, J. L., Berant, E., Resende, A. C., Reese, J., & Mohammadi, M. R. (2017, online). The effect of CS administration or an R-Optimized alternative on R-PAS variables: A meta-analysis of findings from six studies. Journal of Personality Assessment. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2017.1393430

Meyer, G. J. (2017). What Rorschach performance can add to assessing and understanding personality. International Journal of Personality Psychology, 3, 36-49. https://ijpp.rug.nl/article/view/29881

Meyer, G. J., Viglione, D. J., & Mihura, J. L. (2017). Psychometric foundations of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS). In R. Erard & B. Evans (Eds.) The Rorschach in multimethod forensic practice (pp. 23-91). New York, NY: Routledge.

Viglione, D. J., Meyer, G. J., Resende, A. C., & Pignolo, C. (2017). A survey of challenges experience by new learners coding the Rorschach. Journal of Personality Assessment, 99, 315-323. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2016.1233559

Mihura, J. L., Roy, M., & Graceffo, R. A. (2017). Psychological assessment training in clinical psychology doctoral programs. Journal of Personality Assessment, 99, 153-164. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2016.1201978 

Mihura, J. L., & Roy, M. (2017). Psychological constructs: Overview. In A. E. Wenzel (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of abnormal and clinical psychology (pp. 2726-2732). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Inc.

Mihura, J. L. & Meyer, G. J. (2017). Projective tests. In A. E. Wenzel (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of abnormal and clinical psychology (pp. 2683-2686). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Inc.

Mihura, J. L. & Hisatugo, C. L. C. (2017). Personality disorders: Gender and sex differences. In A. E. Wenzel (Ed.), The SAGE encyclopedia of abnormal and clinical psychology (pp. 2551-2552). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Inc.

Meyer, G. J. (2016). Neuropsychological factors and Rorschach performance in children. Rorschachiana, 37, 7-27.  https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000074

Pianowski, G., Meyer, G. J., & Villemor-Amaral, A. E. (2016). The impact of R-Optimized Administration modeling procedures on Brazilian normative reference values. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98, 408-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2016.1148701

Pianowski, G., Meyer, G. J., & Villemor-Amaral, A. E. (2016). Potential projective material on the Rorschach: Comparing Comprehensive System protocols to their modeled R-Optimized administration counterparts. Journal of Personality Assessment, 98, 398-407. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2016.1147451 

Mihura, J. L., Meyer, G. J., Dumitrascu, N., Bombel, G. (2016). On conducting construct validity meta-analyses for the Rorschach: A Reply to Tibon-Czopp and Zeligman (2016). Journal of Personality Assessment 98, 343-350. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2016.1158182

Charek, D. B., Meyer, G. M., & Mihura, J. L. (2016). The impact of an ego depletion manipulation on performance-based and self-report assessment measures. Assessment, 23, 637-649. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191115586580

Brabender, V. M., & Mihura, J. L. (2016). The construction of gender and sex, and their implications for psychological assessment. In V. M. Brabender & J. L. Mihura (Eds.), Handbook of gender and sexuality in psychological assessment (pp. 3-43). New York, NY: Routledge.

Brabender, V. M., & Mihura, J. L. (2016). Bringing multiple identities into focus. In V. M. Brabender & J. L. Mihura (Eds.), Handbook of gender and sexuality in psychological assessment (pp. 44-77). New York, NY: Routledge. 

Mihura, J. L., & Brabender, V. M. (2016). Sex, gender, and sexuality in psychological assessment: Where do we go from here? In V. M. Brabender & J. L. Mihura (Eds.), Handbook of gender and sexuality in psychological assessment (pp. 655-682). New York, NY: Routledge. 

Mihura, J. L., Meyer, G. J., Bombel, G., & Dumitrascu, N. (2015). Standards, accuracy, and questions of bias in Rorschach meta-analyses: Reply to Wood, Garb, Nezworski, Lilienfeld, and Duke (2015). Psychological Bulletin, 141, 250-260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0038445

Meyer, G. J., Giromini, L., Viglione, D. J., Reese, J. B., & Mihura, J. L. (2015). The association of gender, ethnicity, age, and education with Rorschach scores. Assessment, 22, 46-64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191114544358

Mihura, J. L., Reed, J. A., & Kiss, A. B. (2015). Clinical psychology versus allied disciplines. In R. Cautin & S. Lilienfeld (Eds.), The encyclopedia of clinical psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp533

Mihura, J. L., & Meyer, G. J. (2015). Rorschach Inkblot Test. In R. Cautin & S. Lilienfeld (Eds.), The encyclopedia of clinical psychology. Wiley-Blackwell. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp517

Mihura, J. L., & Meyer, G. J. (2015). Thematic Apperception Test. In R. Cautin & S. Lilienfeld (Eds.), The encyclopedia of clinical psychology. Wiley-Blackwell.  https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118625392.wbecp437

Meyer, G. J., Shaffer, T. W., Erdberg, P., & Horn, S. L. (2015). Addressing issues in the development and use of the Composite International Reference Values as Rorschach norms for adults. Journal of Personality Assessment, 97, 330-347. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2014.961603

Viglione, D. J., Meyer, G., Jordan, R. J., Converse, G. L., Evans, J., MacDermott, D., & Moore, R. (2015). Developing an alternative Rorschach administration method to optimize the number of responses and enhance clinical inferences. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 22, 546-558. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1913

Mihura, J. L. & Graceffo, R. A. (2014). Multimethod assessment and treatment planning. In C. J. Hopwood & R. F. Bornstein (Eds.), Multimethod clinical assessment (pp. 285-318). Guilford Press.

Graceffo, R. A., Mihura, J. L, & Meyer, G. J. (2014). A meta-analysis of an implicit measure of personality functioning: The Mutuality of Autonomy Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 96, 581-595. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029406

Erard, R. E., Meyer, G. J., & Viglione, D. J. (2014). Setting the record straight: Comment on Gurley, Piechowski, Sheehan, and Gray (2014) on the admissibility of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System (R-PAS) in court. Psychological Injury and Law, 2, 165-177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-014-9195-x

Meyer, G. J., Viglione, D. J., & Giromini, L. (2014). An introduction to Rorschach assessment. In R. P. Archer and S. R. Smith (Eds.), Personality Assessment, 2nd Ed. (pp. 301-369). New York, NY: Routledge.

Viglione, D. J., Giromini, L., Gustafson, M., & Meyer, G. J. (2014). Developing continuous variable composites for Rorschach measures of thought problems, vigilance, and suicide risk. Assessment, 21, 42-49. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191112446963

Meyer, G. J., Hsaio, W., Viglione, D. J., Mihura, J. L., & Abraham, L. H. (2013). Rorschach scores in applied clinical practice: A survey of perceived validity by experienced clinicians. Journal of Personality Assessment, 95, 351-365. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2013.770399

Hoelzle, J. B., & Meyer, G. J. (2013). Exploratory factor analysis: Basics and beyond. In J. A. Schinka & W. F. Velicer (Eds.). Volume 2: Research Methods in Psychology (pp. 164-188). In I. B. Weiner (Ed. In Chief) Handbook of psychology, 2nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118133880.hop202006

Berghout, C. C., Zevalkink, J., Pieters, A. N. J., & Meyer, G. J. (2013). Comparing the Rorschach-CS scores of three groups of patients evaluated before, after and two years after long-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. Rorschachiana, 34, 24-55. https://doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000039

Horn, S. L., Mihura, J. L., & Meyer, G. J. (2013). Psychological assessment in adult mental health settings. In K. F. Geisinger et al. (Eds.), APA handbook of testing and assessment in psychology, Vol. 2: Testing and assessment in clinical and counseling psychology (pp. 231-252). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/14048-014

Mihura, J. L., Meyer, G. J., Dumitrascu, N., & Bombel, G. (2013). The validity of individual Rorschach variables: Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the Comprehensive System. Psychological Bulletin, 139, 548-605. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029406

Mihura, J. L. (2012). The necessity of multiple test methods in conducting assessments: The role of the Rorschach and self-report. Psychological Injury and Law, 5, 97-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-012-9132-9

Meyer, G. J. & Eblin, J. J. (2012). An overview of the Rorschach Performance Assessment System. Psychological Injury and Law, 5, 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-012-9130-y

Viglione, D. J., Blume-Marcovici. A. C., Miller, H. L., Giromini, L., & Meyer, G. J. (2012). An initial inter-rater reliability study for the Rorschach Performance Assessment System. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 607-612. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2012.684118

Carvalho, L. de F., Primi, R., & Meyer, G. J. (2012). Application of the Rasch model in measuring personality disorders (Aplicacao do modelo de Rasch na medida de transtornos da personalidade). Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 34, 101-109. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-60892012000200009 

Katko, N. J., Meyer, G. J., Mihura, J. L., & Bombel, G. (2010). A principal components analysis of Rorschach aggression and hostility variables. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 594-598. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2010.513309

Kene-Allampalli, P., Hovey, J. D., Meyer, G. J., & Mihura, J. L. (2010). Evaluation of the reliability and validity of two clinician-judgment suicide risk assessment instruments. Crisis: The Journal of Crisis Intervention and Suicide Prevention, 31, 76-85. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000003

Porcelli, P., & Mihura, J. L. (2010). Assessment of alexithymia with the Rorschach Comprehensive System: The Rorschach Alexithymia Scale (RAS). Journal of Personality Assessment, 92, 128-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890903508146

Sultan, S. & Meyer, G. J. (2009). Does productivity impact the stability of Rorschach scores? Journal of Personality Assessment, 91, 480-493. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890903088693

Horn, S. L., Meyer, G. J., & Mihura, J. L. (2009). Impact of card rotation on the frequency of Rorschach reflection responses. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91, 346-356. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890902936090

Katko, N. J., Meyer, G. J., Mihura, J. L., & Bombel, G. (2009). The interrater reliability of Elizur's Hostility Systems and Holt's aggression variables: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91, 357-364. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890902936116

Katko, N. J., Meyer, G. J., Mihura, J. L., & Bombel, G. (2009). Moderator analyses for the interrater reliability of Elizur's Hostility Systems and Holt's aggression variables: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91, S1-S3 (online supplement available at http://www.informaworld.com/ampp/file~id=912313271).

Bombel, G., Mihura, J. L., & Meyer, G. J. (2009). An Examination of the construct validity of the Rorschach Mutuality of Autonomy (MOA) Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91, 227-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890902794267

Hoelzle, J. B., & Meyer, G. J. (2009). The invariant component structure of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) full scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 91, 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802634316

McGrath, R. E., Neubauer, J., Meyer, G. J., & Tung, K. (2009). Instructional set and the structure of responses to rating scales. Personality and Individual Differences, 46, 116-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.09.012

Hoelzle, J. B. & Meyer, G. J. (2008). The factor structure of the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC) scales. Journal of Personality Assessment, 90, 443-455. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890802248711

Meyer, G. J., Mihura, J. L., & Hoelzle, J. B. (2008). Rorschach test. In W. A. Darity, Jr. (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, 2nd edition (Vol. 7, pp. 284-285). Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA.

Meyer, G. J., Erdberg, P., & Shaffer, T. W. (2007). Towards international normative reference data for the Comprehensive System. Journal of Personality Assessment, 89, S201-S216. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701629342

Lis, A., Parolin, L., Calvo, V., Zennaro, A., & Meyer, G. J. (2007). The impact of administration and inquiry on Rorschach Comprehensive System protocols in a national reference sample. Journal of Personality Assessment, 89, S193-S200. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701583614

Dumitrascu, N. (2007). Rorschach Comprehensive System data for a sample of 111 adult nonpatients from Romania. Journal of Personality Assessment, 89, S142-148. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701583648

Shaffer, T.W., Erdberg, P., & Meyer, G. J. (2007). Introduction to the JPA Special Supplement on International Reference Samples for the Rorschach Comprehensive System. Journal of Personality Assessment, 89, S2-S6. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701629268

Shaffer, T.W., Erdberg, P., & Meyer, G. J. (Eds.) (2007). International reference samples for the Rorschach Comprehensive System [Special issue]. Journal of Personality Assessment, 89(Suppl. 1). https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701583689

Dean, K. L., Viglione, D. J., Perry, W., & Meyer, G. J. (2007). A method to increase Rorschach response productivity while maintaining Comprehensive System validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 89, 149-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701468543

McGrath, R. E., & Meyer, G. J. (2006). When effect sizes disagree: The case of r and d. Psychological Methods, 11, 386-401. [equal authorship]. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.11.4.386

Meyer, G. J. (Ed.). (2006). The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical Scales [Special Issue]. Journal of Personality Assessment, 87(2). https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8702_01

Mihura, J. L. (2006). Rorschach assessment of Borderline Personality Disorder. In S.K. Huprich (Ed.), Rorschach assessment of the personality disorders. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199106000-00006

Meyer, G. J., Mihura, J. L., & Smith, B. L. (2005). The inter-clinician reliability of Rorschach interpretation in four data sets. Journal of Personality Assessment, 84, 296-314. [PDF © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates] https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8403_09

Meyer, G. J. (2004). The reliability and validity of the Rorschach and TAT compared to other psychological and medical procedures: An analysis of systematically gathered evidence. In M. Hilsenroth & D. Segal (Eds.), Personality assessment. Volume 2 in M. Hersen (Ed.-in-Chief), Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment (pp. 315-342). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. [PDF = 2.3 MB © John Wiley & Sons]

Hunsley, J., & Meyer, G. J. (2003). The incremental validity of psychological testing and assessment: Conceptual, methodological, and statistical issues. Psychological Assessment, 15, 446-455. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.15.4.446

Meyer, G. J. (2003). Guidelines for Reporting Information in Studies of Diagnostic Test Accuracy: The STARD initiative. Journal of Personality Assessment, 81, 191-193. [PDF © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]

Mihura, J. L., Meyer, G. J., Bel-Bahar, T., Gunderson, J. (2003). Correspondence among observer ratings of Rorschach, Big Five Model, and DSM-IV personality disorder constructs. Journal of Personality Assessment, 81, 20-39. [PDF © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8101_03

Mihura, J. L., Nathan-Montano, E, & Alperin, R. J. (2003). Rorschach measures of aggressive drive derivatives: A college student sample. Journal of Personality Assessment, 80, 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8001_12

Viglione, D. J., Perry, W., Jansak, D., Meyer, G. J., Exner, J. E., Jr. (2003). Modifying the Rorschach Human Experience Variable to create the Human Representational Variable. Journal of Personality Assessment, 81, 64-73. [PDF © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8101_06

Viglione, D. J., Perry, W., & Meyer, G. J. (2003). Refinements in the Rorschach Ego Impairment Index incorporating the Human Representational Variable. Journal of Personality Assessment, 81, 149-156. [PDF © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8102_06

Meyer, G. J. (2002). Exploring possible ethnic differences and bias in the Rorschach Comprehensive System. Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 104-129. [PDF © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa7801_07

Meyer, G. J. (2002). Implications of information-gathering methods for a refined taxonomy of psychopathology. In L. E. Beutler & M. Malik (Eds.). Rethinking the DSM: Psychological perspectives (pp. 69-105). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. [PDF = 1.6 MB © American Psychological Association]. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/10456-003

Meyer, G. J., Hilsenroth, M. J., Baxter, D., Exner, J. E., Jr., Fowler, J. C., Piers, C. C., & Resnick, J. (2002). An examination of interrater reliability for scoring the Rorschach Comprehensive System in eight data sets. Journal of Personality Assessment, 78, 219-274. [PDF © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa7802_03

Mihura, J. L., & Weinle, C. A. (2002). Rorschach training: Doctoral students' experiences and preferences. Journal of Personality Assessment, 79, 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa7901_03

Porcelli, P., & Meyer, G. J. (2002). Construct validity of Rorschach variables of alexithymia. Psychosomatics: Journal of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry, 43, 360-369. [PDF © Academy of Psychosomatic Medicine]. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.43.5.360

Meyer, G. J. (2001). Evidence to correct misperceptions about Rorschach norms. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 8, 389-396. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/8.3.389

Meyer, G. J. (2001). Introduction to the final Special Section in the Special Series on the utility of the Rorschach for clinical assessment. Psychological Assessment, 13, 419-422. [PDF = 0.7 MB © American Psychological Association]. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11793887/

Meyer, G. J., & Archer, R. P. (2001). The hard science of Rorschach research: What do we know and where do we go? Psychological Assessment, 13, 486-502. [PDF = 3 MB © American Psychological Association]. https://doi.org/10.1037//1040-3590.13.4.486

Meyer, G. J., Finn, S. E., Eyde, L., Kay, G. G., Moreland, K. L., Dies, R. R., Eisman, E. J., Kubiszyn, T. W., & Reed, G. M. (2001). Psychological testing and psychological assessment: A review of evidence and issues. American Psychologist, 56, 128-165. [PDF = 6.6 MB © American Psychological Association]. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.2.128

Meyer, G. J., Viglione, D. J., & Exner, J. E., Jr. (2001). Superiority of Form% over Lambda for research on the Rorschach Comprehensive System. Journal of Personality Assessment, 76, 68-75. [PDF © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA7601_4

Mihura, J. L., & Nathan-Montano, E. (2001). An interpersonal analysis of Rorschach aggression variables in a normal sample. Psychological Reports, 89, 617-623. [PubMed abstract]. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.89.3.617

Eisman, E. J., Dies, R. R., Finn, S. E., Eyde, L. D., Kay, G. G., Kubiszyn, T. W., Meyer, G. J., & Moreland, K. (2000). Problems and limitations in using psychological assessment in the contemporary health care delivery system. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31, 131-140. (PDF)

Kubiszyn, T. W., Meyer, G. J., Finn, S. E., Eyde, L., Kay, G. G., Moreland, K. L., Dies, R. R., & Eisman, E. J. (2000). Empirical support for psychological assessment in clinical health care settings. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 31, 119-130. (PDF) https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.31.2.119

Meyer, G. J. (2000). On the science of Rorschach research. Journal of Personality Assessment, 75, 46-81. [PDF and Erratum both © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA7501_6

Meyer, G. J. (2000). The incremental validity of the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale over the MMPI Ego Strength Scale and IQ. Journal of Personality Assessment, 74, 356-370. [PDF © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa7403_2

Meyer, G. J., Riethmiller, R. J., Brooks, G. D., Benoit, W. A., & Handler, L. (2000). A replication of Rorschach and MMPI-2 convergent validity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 74, 175-215. [PDF © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa7402_3

Mihura, J. L., Schlottmann, R. S., & Scott, A. B. (2000). Are the MMPI subtle subscales "subtle" measures of their scales? Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56, 139-148. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(200001)56:1%3C139::AID-JCLP13%3E3.0.CO;2-1

Meyer, G. J. (1999). Introduction to the first Special Section in the Special Series on the utility of the Rorschach for clinical assessment. Psychological Assessment, 11, 235-239. [PDF = 0.8 MB © American Psychological Association]. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.11.3.235

Meyer, G. J. (1999). Simple procedures to estimate chance agreement and kappa for the interrater reliability of response segments using the Rorschach Comprehensive System. Journal of Personality Assessment, 72, 230-255. [PDF = 8.3 MB © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JP720209

Meyer, G. J. (1999). The convergent validity of MMPI and Rorschach scales: An extension using profile scores to define response/character styles on both methods and a re-examination of simple Rorschach response frequency. Journal of Personality Assessment, 72, 1-35. [PDF = 1.8 MB © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa7201_1

Meyer, G. J., Bates, M., & Gacono, C. (1999). The Rorschach Rating Scale: Item adequacy, scale development, and relations with the Big Five Model of personality. Journal of Personality Assessment, 73, 199-244. [PDF © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates] [Note, the updated version of the RRS, the Rorschach Construct Scale, can be obtained from the Psych Assessment Lab page]. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA7302_3 

Meyer, G. J. (1998). Error in research and assessment data with an erratum for Meyer (1993). Journal of Personality Assessment, 71, 195-211. [PDF = 1.2 MB © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa7102_8

Handler, L., & Meyer, G. J. (1997). The importance of teaching and learning personality assessment. In Handler, L., & Hilsenroth, M. (Eds.). Teaching and learning personality assessment (pp. 3-30). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [PDF = 1.4 MB © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]

Meyer, G. J. (1997). Assessing reliability: Critical corrections for a critical examination of the Rorschach Comprehensive System. Psychological Assessment, 9, 480-489. [PDF = 1 MB © American Psychological Association]. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.9.4.480

Meyer, G. J. (1997). On the integration of personality assessment methods: The Rorschach and MMPI-2. Journal of Personality Assessment, 68, 297-330. [PDF = 2.4 MB © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6802_5

Meyer, G. J. (1997). Thinking clearly about reliability: More critical corrections regarding the Rorschach Comprehensive System. Psychological Assessment, 9, 495-498. [PDF © American Psychological Association]. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.9.4.495

Meyer, G. J., & Handler, L. (1997). The ability of the Rorschach to predict subsequent outcome: A meta-analysis of the Rorschach Prognostic Rating Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 69, 1-38. [PDF = 2.8 MB © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates] Revised analyses published in volume 74, pp. 504-506. [PDF © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6901_1

Meyer, G. J. (1996). Construct validation of scales derived from the Rorschach method: A review of issues and introduction to the Rorschach Rating Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 598-628. [PDF = 2.1 MB © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates] [Note, the updated version of the RRS, the Rorschach Construct Scale, can be obtained from the Psych Assessment Lab page]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_14

Meyer, G. J. (1996). The Rorschach and MMPI: Toward a more scientifically differentiated understanding of cross-method assessment. Journal of Personality Assessment, 67, 558-578. [PDF = 1.4 MB © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_11

Meyer, G. J. (1993). The impact of response frequency on Rorschach constellation indices and on their validity with diagnostic and MMPI-2 criteria. Journal of Personality Assessment, 60, 153-180. [PDF = 1.7 MB © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6001_13

Meyer, G. J. (1992). Response frequency problems in the Rorschach: Clinical and research implications with suggestions for the future. Journal of Personality Assessment, 58, 231-244. [PDF = 0.9 MB © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5802_2

Meyer, G. J. (1992). The Rorschach's factor structure: A contemporary investigation and historical review. Journal of Personality Assessment, 59, 117-136. [PDF = 1.2 MB © Lawrence Erlbaum Associates]. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5901_10

Meyer, G. J. & Shack, J. R. (1989). Structural convergence of mood and personality: Evidence for old and new directions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 691-706. [PDF = 1.6 MB © American Psychological Association]. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.4.691

Scales

Mihura, J. L., Meyer, G. J., Viglione, D. J., Ritzler, B., Kaser-Boyd, N., Adrian, C., Gacono, C., Burke, W., Friedman, G., Gorlitz, P., Lerner, P. M., Tuber, S. B., & Bornstein, R. F. (2002). The Rorschach Construct Scale: Observer-Rating (Mixed-Gender, Female, & Male Formats) and Self-Rating Forms. Unpublished scales and tables, University of Toledo. © 2002.

The Rorschach Construct Scale (RCS) is the updated version of the Rorschach Rating Scale. The downloadable RCS reference article is available below in the Articles and Chapters section (i.e., Mihura, Meyer, Bel-Bahar, & Gunderson, 2003). You can obtain a copy of the RCS here to use for observer ratings of females, males, people of either gender, or for self-ratings. You can also obtain a version of the scale with the items organized by subscale (currently formatted for observer ratings of males). In addition, there is a set of three tables identifying the items on the scale. If you do any research with this instrument, we'd be most interested to hear about it, so please contact either Joni Mihura or Greg Meyer. If you use the RCS for clinical or teaching purposes, we'd also be interested to hear any suggestions you have to improve the formatting for such purposes.

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