Exchange names and if necessary contact details.

Be clear as to the assignment and project deadline date.

List all tasks needed to complete assignment and be as specific as possible.

Agree on who will accomplish each task and assign specific deadlines for tasks.

Discuss important items first.


Create an environment of respect

Each group member should be given the opportunity to contribute.

People come from differing backgrounds and experiences. Differing points of view are important and should be listened to and considered in a respectful manner.

Everyone has different learning and working styles. Some may begin discussing right away while others may hold back to process information first.

Do not interrupt others. Offer only tactful, constructive comments.

Keep the discussion to the point. Avoid getting off on other subjects. If this happens have one person charged with getting the group back on track.


Consider having students assign roles for group members

Assigning roles to group members may help the group work more efficiently. Roles to consider are chairperson, note-taker/recorder, timekeeper, presenter, etc.


If discussions are being dominated by a few individuals

Set discussion ground rules. Examples are: no one speaking for more than three or four minutes; no interrupting; no critical comments about people.

Suggest students elect one person to direct the discussion.

Thank the person dominating the discussion and ask if anyone wishes to speak.


If students are nervous about speaking in a group

Ask them to jot down the point they would like to make before speaking.

Suggest they begin by asking for an example from a classmate or agreeing with what someone said.

Recommend taking a deep breath before speaking.

Urge them to speak clearly.


Remind students to…

Listen carefully to what others have to say so they don’t miss a good idea or thought.

Speak clearly.

Highlight any good ideas and ask for more details.



Resources:

Cooperative learning: Students working in small groups (1999). Speaking of Teaching: Stanford University Newsletter on Teaching, 10 (2).

MacTavish, C. (2001). Focus on group work. Retrieved January 11, 2005 , from De Montfort University, Student Services web site: http://www.dmu.ac.uk/study/student_services/slas/key_skills