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Early Childhood Special Education Content - Disability Categories

It is important for Early Childhood educators to develop an awareness of different disability categories, associated behaviors, and educational implications so that they can begin to design, implement, and evaluate instructional strategies. By increasing their awareness of different disability categories, teachers may be better prepared to create learning environments that stimulate and challenge all children. The following resources provide an overview of disability categories, associated behaviors, and potential implications for development and learning.

Overview of Disability Categories
The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of the categories of disabilities as defined by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). PDF

The following link provides information on the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). http://nichcy.org/laws/ada/

The following publication explains how the requirements of the ADA apply to Child Care Centers. The document also describes some of the Department of Justice's ongoing enforcement efforts in the child care area and it provides a resource list on sources of information on the ADA.
https://search.ada.gov/search?query=childcare+centers&search=go&sort=date%3AD%3AL%3Ad1&output=xml_no_dtd&ie=iso-8859-1&oe=UTF-8&client=default_frontend&proxystylesheet=default_frontend&affiliate=justice-ada

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of ADHD. FACT SHEET 

The following fact sheet developed by the Head Start Center for Inclusion provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of ADHD. PDF

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of Autism. FACT SHEET

The following fact sheet developed by the Head Start Center for Inclusion provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of ASD. PDF

The website Autism Speaks provides an overview of Autism Spectrum Disorders, has resources for families, and offers video clips related to ASD.  https://www.autismspeaks.org/

Cerebral Palsy
The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of Cerebral Palsy. FACT SHEET 

The following fact sheet developed by the Head Start Center for Inclusion provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of Cerebral Palsy. PDF

Cognitive Delay
The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of developmental delay. FACT SHEET

The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of intellectual disabilities. FACT SHEET

Down Syndrome
The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of Down syndrome. FACT SHEET 

The following fact sheet developed by the Head Start Center for Inclusion provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of Down Syndrome. PDF

Emotional Disorders
The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of emotional disorders. FACT SHEET

Epilepsy
The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of Epilepsy. FACT SHEET

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome/Alcohol Related Brain Damage (ARBD)
The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of Fetal Alcohol syndrome. FACT SHEET 

The following fact sheet developed by the Head Start Center for Inclusion provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. PDF

The National Organization on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (NOFAS) is a nonprofit organization that provides information about fetal alcohol syndrome and strategies for educators who work with children with FAS.  https://www.nofas.org/

Deafness and Hearing Loss
The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of hearing loss. FACT SHEET

Other Health Impairments
The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of other health impairments. FACT SHEET

Speech and Language Impairment
The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of speech and language impairments. FACT SHEET 

The following fact sheet developed by the Head Start Center for Inclusion provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of speech and language impairments. PDF

The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) provides an overview of common preschool language disorders.
https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/Preschool-Language-Disorders/

Spina Bifida/Neural Tube Defects (NTDS)
The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of Spina Bifida. FACT SHEET

Visual Impairments and Blindness
The following fact sheet developed by the National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities (NICHCY) provides an overview of characteristics and educational implications of visual impairments. FACT SHEET

Last Updated: 6/27/22